生活型

herb

形態特徵

• Perennials. Stems puberulent along a line decurrent from sheath, otherwise glabrous.
• Leaves sessile to subsessile; blade lanceolate, 4-10 by 0.9-2 cm, apex acuminate, base oblique, glabrous, margins scabrescent; sheath with red stripes, margins pilose. Inflorescences terminal, upper cincinnus with 1-3 male or bisexual flowers; lower cincinnus with 2-5 flowers; some flowering shoots branched from prostrate stems; spathe lanceolate, folded, 1.4-4 by 1.2-2.2 cm, apex acuminate, base cordate, glabrous, margins scabrescent; spathe of lower flowering shoots shorter, 0.5-0.9 by 0.6-0.8 cm; peduncle 0.5-2.6 cm long; pedicel 3-5 mm long.
• Flowers dimorphic: in functionally male flowers pistil usually lacking or vestigial; in bisexual flowers pistils ca. 6 mm long; sepals 3, elliptic, concave, unequal, anticous two basally fused, elliptic, margins sometimes blue, petaloid, ca. 3.1 by 1.5 mm, glabrous; posticous one lanceolate, ca. 3.5 by 2.8 mm; petals 3, unequal, lateral petals 2, indigo, sometimes white, planar, clawed, limb broadly rounded-ovate, ca. 4.7 by 7.4 mm, apex obtuse, base cuneate-cordate; medial petal blue, clawed, ca. 4.4 by 5 mm; fertile stamens 3, anticous, base fused, unequal, anthers of lateral two white or indigo, ellipsoid, base sagittate, ca. 1 mm long, filaments ca. 4 mm long; anther of medial one ellipsoid, base hastate, ca. 1.5 mm long, filament ca. 3.5 mm long; staminodes 3, posticous, subequal, medial staminode antesepalous, usually lacking or vestigial, lateral ones antepetalous, antherodes cruciate, yellow or white, ca. 0.5 mm long, filaments ca. 3 mm long, sometimes with 2 lateral abortive pollen sacs; ovary ellipsoid-globose, ca. 2 mm long; style ca. 4 mm long.
• Capsules 2-valved, brown, ellipsoid to globose, 6-9 by ca. 3 mm, ventral locule 2-seeded, dehiscent, dorsal locule 1-seeded, indehiscent, glabrous. Seeds dimorphic: one in dorsal locule light brown, ellipsoid, ca. 3 by 1.6-1.9 mm; two in ventral locule black, deltoid, ca. 2 by 1.3 mm, reticulate.

分布

• 台灣 : waste places below 1,100 m throughout the island.
• 世界 : Widely distributed: India, China, southeastern Asia, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia and the Pacific islands.

引證標本

KEELUNG: Hopingdao, Chen & Wang 883; Pengchiayu, Huang et al. 15728. TAIPEI: Houtung, Chen et al. 295; Mt. Kuanyinshan, Peng 6035; Huang-ti-dien, Peng 5004; Yangmingshan, Peng & Leu 13511; Wulai, Chen & Chen 433. TAOYUAN: Lungtan, Chen & Wang 864; Yangmei, Chen 843. HSINCHU: Hukou, Chen & Chiu 901; Kuanhsi Town, Wang et al. 10316. MIAOLI: Yuanli, Jeng 481. TAICHUNG: Pahsienshan Forest Recreation Area, Wang 10219. NANTOU: Lienhwachih, Chen & Hsu 733; Tungpu to Hoshe, Huang 3444. YUNLIN: Touliu City, Chen & Huang 871. CHIAYI: Budai Town: Hsinwen, Peng 10081; Min-hsiung, Chen-tso-liao, Wang & Yang 7986; TAINAN: Mt. Chingshan, Hiking entrance of Hsienkungmiao, Peng 7060. KAOHSIUNG: Liukuei to Meinung, Chen et al. 791; Shanping, Summer Collection Team. s.n. Jul, 1986. PINGTUNG: Szuchunghsi, Peng 6811; Litingshan, Chen & Huang 775; Nanjenshan, Chang 2106. ILAN: Insl. Kizan, Masamune & Suzuki s. n. 3 Jul 1932; Shuanglienpei, Chen et al. 894. HUALIEN: Liyutan, Chen & Shen 436. TAITUNG: Lanyu (Orchid Island), Peng 7654; Kashoto, Kudo & Mori 178.

參考文獻

• WANG, Jenn-Che, CHEN, Yo-Jiun, and PENG, Ching-I, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 161. 2000.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)